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| Class | 10th |
| Board | CBSE |
| Textbook | NCERT |
| Chapter | Chapter 10 |
| Chapter name | Light reflection and refraction |
| Category | Class 10th notes |
Light reflection and refraction class 10 notes pdf
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Light refraction and reflection - introduction
In this chapter light refraction and reflection we are going to study several phenomenas like reflection and refraction. Where in refraction we will see and study about it and also read about some imprtant formulas related through the refraction and some cases of spherical lens and we will relate these things in our real life so that we can understand the concepts clearly.
Important topics in Class 10 refraction
- Refraction of light
- Laws of refraction
- Rules for refraction
- Reflection through glass slab
- Refraction through spherical lenses
- sign convention for spherical lenses
- Lens formula
- Magnification
- Power of a lens
REFRACTION OF LIGHT ⇒The change in direction of light when it passes from one medium to another obliquely (at an angle) ,is called REFRACTION OF LIGHT..
The medium must be a transparent medium.
To ab tum soch rhe hoge…
✍️Reason for Refraction of light:-
🔶The bending of light is caused due to the difference in optical densities between the two transparent mediums.
LAWS OF REFRACTION(Important)
🔶The incident ray ,refracted ray ,normal lie on the same plane at the point of the incidence.
🔶The ratio of sine of angle of incidence and sine of angle of refraction is always a constant
This Law is also known as SNELL'S LAW.
✍️Conditions For Snell's Law :-
🔶The pair of medium should be same
🔶The wavelength (colour) of the light should be the same.
RULES FOR REFRACTION(practically imp.)
🔶When a light ray goes from a rarer medium to a denser one it bends towards the normal.
🔶When a light ray goes from Denser Medium to a rarer medium it bends away from the normal.
WHEN DOES REFRACTION NOT OCCUR ?!
Chalo bata deta hun……
Case I
When the light ray is falling on the interface not obliquely i.e. Normally
Case II
If the optical densities of the two media are the same
REFRACTION THROUGH GLASS SLAB(IMPORTANT)
Important labellings:-
🔶Incident Ray
🔶Refracted Ray
🔶Emergent Ray
🔶Angle of Incidence
🔶Angle of Refraction
🔶Angle of emergence
🔶Lateral displacement
REFRACTION THROUGH SPHERICAL LENSES
Viewers to Spherical lens:-
SPHERICAL LENSES⇒ A transparent medium bound by two surfaces , of which one or both surfaces are spherical , forms a Lens
🔶A lens having two spherical surfaces both bulging outwards is known as Convex lens.
🔶A lens having two spherical surfaces both seeking in are known as a Concave lens.
Some Properties of:-
Convex lenses
Thicker at the middle as compared to the edges.
Converges all the rays coming parallel to it . Hence, it is also known as converging lenses.
Concave lenses
Thicker at the edges than at the middle
Diverges all the rays coming parallax to it .Hence, it is known as a Diverging lens.
Terms related to spherical Lenses
🔸Aperture - It is the portion of mirror through which reflection of light actually takes place.
🔸Optical centre - The point on the lens from where all the rays go undaviated.
🔸Principal Focus - It is the point where all the rays which are parallel and close to the principal axis converge
(or appear to converge).
🔸Center of Curvature
It is the centre of the two spheres of which the two spherical surfaces are a part .
CONVEX LENS
🔶Rules for image formation
🔸When a light ray strikes the lens parallel to the principal axis it is refracted passing through the Focus
🔸When a light ray strikes the lens passing through the principal axis it is refracted parallel to the principal axis.
🔸When a light ray strikes the lens at the optical centre it goes undeviated
🔶Image formation by Convex lenses
🔸Case I(Object is at infinity )
Nature⇾ Real & Inverted
Position⇾ At focus
Size⇾ Highly diminished or point sized
🔸CaseII(Object is Beyond C)
Nature⇾ Real & Inverted
Position⇾ Between F And 2F
Size⇾ Diminished
🔸Case III(Object is at 2F)
Nature⇾ Real & Inverted
Position⇾ At 2F
Size⇾ Same as that of the Object
🔸Case IV(Object is between 2F and F)
Nature⇾ Real & Inverted
Position⇾ Beyond 2F
Size⇾ Enlarged
🔸Case V(object is at F)
Nature⇾ Real & Inverted
Position⇾ Infinity
Size⇾ Highly Enlarged
🔸Case VI(Object is between F and O)
{Unique & Most Important}
Nature⇾ Virtual & Erect
Position⇾Same side of the Object
Size⇾ Enlarged
CONCAVE LENS
🔶Rules for Image formation
🔸When a light ray strikes the lens parallel to the principal axis it is refracted such that it appears to be coming from the Focus.
🔸When a light ray strikes the lens passing through the principal axis it is refracted parallel to the principal axis.
🔸When a light ray strikes the lens at the optical centre it goes undeviated
🔶Image formation By Concave lens
🔸Case I (Object is at infinity)
Nature⇾ Virtual and erect
Position⇾ At the F on the same side of the object
Size⇾ Highly diminished or Point sized
🔸Case II (Anywhere on the principal Axis)
Nature⇾ Virtual & Erect
Position⇾ On the same side of the object
Size⇾Smaller than the object
Sign Convention for Spherical Lenses
The sign convention for Spherical lenses is the same that of spherical mirrors
But here:-
🔸The origin is optical centre
🔸The focal length of concave lens is taken as negative and that of convex lens is taken as positive
Lens Formula
This gives the relationship between the object-distance(u) ; Image-distance (v) ; Focal length(f)
🔸It is expressed as
Note: take care of all the signs while putting the values
Magnification
The magnification in the case of spherical lenses is same as in the case of spherical mirrors
🔸The magnification produced by a lens is given by:-
Magnification produced by a lens is also related to the object-distance(u) and the image distance(v)
🔸That is given by:-
Power of a lens
It can be termed as the ability to converge or diverge a light ray depending upon its focal length
It can also be defined as the reciprocal of the focal length
🔸The SI unit of power is Dioptre
🔸Represented as ‘D’
Note:- Power of convex lens is positive and power of concave lens is negative (from the formula)
Important terms in Class 10th light refraction
🔸Aperture - It is the portion of mirror through which reflection of light actually takes place.
🔸Optical centre - The point on the lens from where all the rays go undaviated.
🔸Principal Focus - It is the point where all the rays which are parallel and close to the principal axis converge (or appear to converge).
🔸Center of Curvature - It is the centre of the two spheres of which the two spherical surfaces are a part.
Class 10 light reflection notes
Frequently asked questions from class 10 ligh reflection and refraction
Light is an electromagnetic form of energy or a
series of photon Particles which enable us to
see different objects.
- Refraction of light
- Laws of refraction
- Rules for refraction
- Reflection through glass slab
- Refraction through spherical lenses
- sign convention for spherical lenses
- Lens formula
- Magnification
- Power of a lens
There are two theories about light
🔸Wave theory:According to this light consists of electromagnetic
waves which do not require a medium for
their propagation.
🔸Particle theory:According to this light is composed of particles
which travel in a straight line at a very high
speed. The particle is known as a photon.
3x10^8 m/s
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