Power Sharing chapter intro
With the chapter power sharing , we resume the journey of democracy that we started in class 9. We noted last year that in a democracy all power does not rest with only one organ of the government. A proper sharing of power among legislature, executive and judiciary is very important to design a democracy.
Topics we are going to covered in power sharing
- Story of Belgium
- Story of Sri Lanka
- Accommodation in Belgium
- Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
- Reasons for power sharing
- Forms of Power Sharing
| Class | 10 |
| Board | CBSE |
| Textbook | NCERT |
| Chapter | Civics chapter 1 |
| Chapter name | Power sharing |
| Category | Class 10 note |
Class 10 power sharing notes pdf download
Class 10 power sharing notes civics (social science)
Power Sharing
Notes (Apni bhasha me)
To is chapter me hame, dekhne ko milega ke power sharing kya hota hai aur ishe liyse tumhe do countries, Belgium, Sri lanka ki kahani sunai jaegi.
To ab shuru krte hai…..
Belgium
A small country in Europe and shares its & borders with France, Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg.
Ethenic composition of Belgium
Students be like:-
Ethenic Composition-> Ye hota hai logon ka social division unke, culture bases pe. It is the same ethnic group be log apne et common descent. I believe karte hai, open social, cultural ya donor to similarity ki vajah.
(Ques) What is the ethnic composition of Belgium ?
(Ans) The ethenic of this small country, Belgium is very complex.
Of the Country's total population, 40% people speak the French language and live in the Wallonia region of the country.
Another 59% people speak the dutch language and live in the Flemish Region of the country.
Remaining 1% of of the Belgians speak German
Yaad rakhne ki trick
Dekho yaha sab ulto-pulto hai. Like F se Flemish aur french match karta hai
But ye yaad rakhna yaha sab ulta hai
French — Wallonia
Dutch — Flemish
Brussels (Capital of Belgium)
In the capital city, 80% people speak French and 20% people speak Dutch.
Tension b/w the French & Dutch
The minority French speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.
This made the majority Dutch community (Boleto bhai ka ego hurt ho gya) who got the benefit of economic development and education much later
In the capital city Brussels, the problem was more severe because the Dutch speaking community was the majority and minority in the capital.
Sri lanka
It is a small island nation located a few kilometres south of India.
(Ques). What is the ethnic composition of Sri Lanks?
(Ans).Sri Lanka has a diverse population;-
74% people living in Sri Lanka are Sinhala speakers and they are Buddhists.
18% of the people are Tamil-speakers and are mostly Hindus or Muslims.
Among Tamil speakers there are the two subgroups. One the local Tamil speakers of the country called "Sri Lankan Tamils” (13%). Others are whose forefathers came from India as plantation workers known as "Indian Tamils” (5%)
There are 7% people who follow Christianity and are both tamils and sinhala speakers..
Accomodation in Belgium(Important)
The Belgian leaders recognised the differences and cultural regional changes and amended their constitution four times between 1970 and 1993 so as to ensure that everyone can live in the same nation.
(Ques). Explain the model elements of Belgiums of accomodation.
(Ans). The elements of Belgiums made! of accommodation are:-
The Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government.
Some special laws require the support of majority members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can take decisions unilaterally.
Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions that are not subordinate to the country.
Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation.
The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch Speaking community has accepted equal representation in the central Government.
Apart from the Central and State Government there is a third kind of ‘community government’ which is elected by people belonging to one community dutch, german, french language no matter where they live.
This government has thepower regarding cultural, educational and language issues.
Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka(Important)
Majoritarianism-> A belief that the majority community rules a country by disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority.
Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948
The sinhala leaders sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority.
(Ques). State the measures taken by Sri Lanka as a part of its Majoritarianism policy.
(Ans).The measures taken by Sri Lanka as a part of its Majoritarianism policy are:
In 1956, an act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language disregarding the Tamil
The governments followed, preferential policies that favour Sinhala applicants for university positions and government
A new constitution was stipulated that the stated that the state shall protect and promote Buddhism.
All these turbulent measures, coming one after the other gradually increased the feelings of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.
They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was text sensitive to their language and culture.
They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests.
Struggles of SriLankan Tamils and its Effects..
The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for recognition of Tamil as an official language for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs.
Their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils and repeatedly denied.
By 1980's all political organisations were Formed demanding an Independent Tamil Eelam (state) in the northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
Effects
The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. It soon turned into a civil war.
As a result thousands of people of the two communities have been killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods.
The civil war caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of the country.
Reasons / Need for Power Sharing(Important)
# Prudential Reasons
Firstly, power sharing is good because it reduces the possibilities of conflict between social groups. Social conflict often leads to violence political instability. Power sharing is a good way to ensure stability of political orders.
It ruins the unity of the nation and tyranny of the majority is not just oppressive for the minority, it often brings ruin to the majority as well.
#Moral Reasons
Secondly, power sharing is the very spirit of democracy because a democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise effects.
A legitimate government is one where citizens, through participation acquire a stake in the system.
Forms of Power Sharing
1) Horizontal Power Sharing
When power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislative, executive and judiciary.
It allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
Each organ checks others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions. Thus, such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power.
2)Vertical Power Sharing
Power can be shared by a general government at different levels for the entire county and government at the provincial and regional level.
The constitution clearly lays down the powers of different tiers of the government..
The same principle can be extended to Municipality and government like the Panchayat.
3)Community Government (power sharing among different social groups)
When power is shared among different social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. Such as:- 'Community government' in Belgium
In some countries there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration. For eg. Reserved constituencies in India.
4)Coalition Government (power sharing among political parties)
Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure, groups and movements, control and influence those powers.
When power is shared among political parties the government is known as the coalition government.
Class 10 power sharing important terms
Ethenic: "Ethenic" implies a social division based on shared culture. People who belongs to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent because of similarities of physical or culture or both.
Majoritarianism: A concept which manifest a belief that the community in majority should be able to govern a country in whatever way they wants is called "Majoritarianism".
Civil war: A violent fight between two or more opposing groups in a country is called civil war.
Prudential: Based on prudence, or on careful calculation of gains and losses. Prudential decisions are contrasted with those decisions, which are based purely on moral considerations.
Moral: It is a pack of reasons which signifies the intrinsic worth of power sharing.
Community government: A type of government which is elected by people, who belongs to one language community.
Checks and balance: A system in which each of the organ of the government checkouts others which results of balance in power distributed among various institutes.
Power sharing: The distribution of powers to different organs of the government is called power sharing.
Federal government: The type of government in which power is divided into two or more tyres of government.
Horizontal divison: When power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislative, executive and judiciary.
Vertical division: Power can be shared by a general government at different levels for the entire county and government at the provincial and regional level.
Class 10 power sharing notes pdf download
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Answer:
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