Topics we are going to cover
- Climate
- Weather
- Monsoon
- Climate Controls
- Atmospheric conditions
- Distance from the sea
- Ocean current
- Relief
- Mechanism of Monsoon
- ENSO
- The Onset of the Monsoon and Withdrawal
Introduction
In this article I will provide you A-Z of class 9 climate Notes. The material that i am providing you are from your latest reduced syllabus and all the extra questions contain subjective and objective both questions.
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Ch - 4 Climate Notes
- Climate: Refers to the sum of total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than 30 years)
- Weather: Refers to the state of atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
- Elements of weather and climate are the same.
➟ Temprature
➟ Atmospheric Pressure
➟ Wind
➟ Humidity
➟ Precipitation
- Climate of India in Monsoon (Monsoon derived from the Arabic word "mausim" means season)
In Asia this type of climate found mainly in the south and the southeast.
- Monsoon: It refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.
- There are regional variations in climate condition within the country.
⇨Temperature ⇨Precipitation
◼ Climate Controls
➟ Latitude
➟ Altitude
➟ Pressure and wind system
➟ Distance from the sea
➟ Ocean currents
➟ Relief features
● Latitude
Temperature is decreasing from lower latitude to higher latitude
● Altitude
High altitude ➟ Low altitude
Low altitude ➟ High altitude
● Pressure and winds system
- Low pressure ➟ Air masses rise up - hot air
- High pressure ➟ Air masses settle down cold air
* Pressure and wind influences the temperature and rainfall pattern.
The climate and associated weather conditions in India are governed by the following
Atmospheric condition:
➟ Pressure and surface winds
➟ Upper air circulation
➟ Western Cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones
● Pressure and surface area:
Coriolis force: An apparent force caused by the earth's rotation. The coriolis force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere are towards the left in the southern hemisphere. This is also known as 'ferrel's law'.
India: North easterly winds but, In summer
● Upper air Conditions
Jet stream: These are a narrow belt of high altitude westerly winds in the troposphere
Speed ➟ Summer - 110 km/h,
Winter - 184 km/h
Most constant ➟ the mid - latitude and the sub - tropical Jet stream.
Position of Jets stream👇
● Western Cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones
The western Cyclonic disturbances are weather phenomena of the winter months brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region. ⇓
Rain showers are brought in the North and North - West part of the country. (Winter season)
Tropical cyclones is the the cyclone occur in the tropical regions of earth.
Occur during Monsoon as well as in Oct - Nov.
Affects the coastal regions of the country
➟ Rainfall, destruction, Floods etc.
● Distance from the sea
As the distance from the sea increases, it's moderating influence decreases and the people experience extreme weather conditions.
*Continentality: Very cold during winters and very hot during Summers.
● Ocean currents: The ocean currents (continuous movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind and rotation of earth etc)
Affect the climate of the coastal areas.
● Relief: High mountains act as a barrier for cold or hot winds.
- Wind wards side cause Precipitation.
- Leeward side of mountains is relatively dry
Indian Monsoon➟"Seasonal Reversal
Of winds
➟ Sailors first noticed the phenomena of monsoon.
Sailors give the name of this seasonal reversal of winds ➟ Monsoon
The monsoon are experienced in the tropical area roughly between 20°N and 20°S
◼ Mechanism of Monsoon
- The different heating and cooling of land and water
Low pressure on Land mass
High ➟ Low
High pressure around sea
2. The shift of the position of Intel Tropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
(ITCZ): ITCZ is a low pressure zone located at the equator where trade winds converge, and so, it is a zone where air tends to ascend.
During summer ITCZ comes every Ganga Plains.
Low pressure ➟ surface of India
High pressure➟ sea
High pressure with moisture ➟ low ➟ rain
3. The present of the high - pressure area on the East of Madagascar.
High pressure ➟ Surface winds more ➟ More moisture ➟ More Rain
4. The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer. ⇓
Strong vertical air current ⇓
Low pressure.......
5. The movement of the westerly jet stream to the north of Himalayas. (during summer)
Provides a space for the south west wind to come on North India.
Presence of the tropical easterly jet stream over the Indian peninsula.(During summer)
Intensified the subsiding of Air masses East to the Madasgascar.
*ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillations)
The Onset of the Monsoon and Withdrawal
Monsoon winds: "pulsating" (not continuous rain)
Duration of Monsoon: 100 - 120days (June -Mid Sep.)
"Burst" of the Monsoon: Normal rainfall suddenly and continuous constantly for several days.
*Onset of the Monsoon
1st week of June: Monsoon arrives at the tip of the Indian peninsular
*Withdrawal of Monsoon from India
- Early September: Northwestern states of India
- Mid October: Completely from the Northern half of the peninsular
- December: bye, bye......... Rain 😉
- Islands: Islands receive first and last rainfall
The Seasons
The cold weather season [winter]
- Mid November - February
- Temperature decreases from South to the North
- Northwest winds: in all over the country
Dry winds but, Rainfall occurs on the Tamil Nadu
● Rainfall by Western Cyclonic disturbances
Have already studied (Jet stream)
● The hot weather season [Summer]
- March - May (Northward movement of the sun)
- Increase in the temperature over the time
exception: Peninsular region
- Low Pressure (Mainly Ganga Plains)
- LOD: These are strong, gusty, hot, dry winds blowing during the day over the north and North Western India.
Some time these storms brings temporary relief because of Moisture in winds.
Also some time these winds brings light Rain
- End to the Season: thunderstorms, violent winds, torrential downpours.
West Bengal ➟ known as baisakh!
- Pre Monsoon showers: (also known as "Mango showers") during the last of summer Some drops of rain before Monsoon.
- Advancing Monsoon [The Rainy Season]
- Starts from early June
- Average velocity of Southwest winds: 30km/h
- Rainfall start (this vary from region to region)
Hope you like the class 9 climate Notes. Let us know in comment section.
Best class 9 climate extra questions and Extra questions for class 9 geography chapter 4 with answers from the question bank. It is really important to test yourself whether you have prepared well for the exams or not. So, Question banks are really important for this purpose.
we already provided the class 9 climate notes.
First of all, before we start let's check out some
Important terms from the chapter climate
- weather: It refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point in time.
- Range of temperature: Difference between the maximum and the minimum recorded temperature.
- Precipitation: The water that falls to the earth from the atmosphere in the form of rain, snow, hail, dew, etc.
- Jet stream: The fast blowing air currents in the upper layer of the atmosphere.
- Monsoon: It is derived from the Arabic word, ' mausim '. Monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction throughout the year.
- Loo - It is a local wind that blows during the hot season in North India.
- Cyclone: An area of low pressure
- Tropical climate: A relatively high temperature almost throughout the year, and predominantly dry winter.
- October heat: It is the condition of high temperature and humidity, due to which the weather becomes oppressive (hard to bear).
- Extreme climate: the climate in which the summer is extremely hot and the winter is quite cold. e.g. Rajasthan and southwest Punjab.
- Trade winds: Trade winds are those which blow steadily in the same direction and on the same course. e.g. the North-East trade winds.
- Western Disturbances: Shallow cyclonic depressions originating over the Mediterranean sea and disturbing fine weather conditions in north-western parts of India.
- Windward side: The side of the mountain where moisture winds strike and bring heavy rain. e.g, monsoons that arrive from the Arabian sea and strike the Western Ghats causing heavy rainfall.
- Leeward side: The side of the mountain which receives less rainfall.
- Rainshadow: The stainless area on the leeward side.
- Break or Burst of monsoon: The sudden approach of the moisture-laden winds which are associated with violent thunder and lightning.
- Catchment area: The area from which the river derives its water from the hills.
- Equable climate: It is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter e.g, the climate of the coastal region.
- Typhoon: Violently revolving storm.
class 9 climate extra questions
Very short answer type questions
Question 1
What is weather?
Answer:
Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point in time.
Question 2
What is climate?
Answer:
Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions on variations over a large area for a long period of time.
Question 3
What does 'monsoon' imply?
Answer:
The word monsoon comes from the Arabic word 'mausim' which means season. It implies a seasonal reversal in the wind direction throughout the year.
Question 4
Where is the monsoon type of climate mainly found?
Answer:
In the south and south-east Asia.
Question 5
Mention the major factors that control the climate of any place.
Answer:
- Latitude
- Altitude
- Pressure and wind system
- Distance from the sea
Question 6
What is Southern Oscillation?
Answer:
The periodic change in pressure conditions in the Indian and the Pacific oceans is known as Southern Oscillation.
Question 7
What is El Nino?
Answer:
It is a warm ocean current that flows past the Peruvian Coast in place of the cold Peruvian current every 2 to 5 years.
Question 8
Where are Monsoon winds confined in India?
Answer:
The monsoon is confined to the tropical lands lying between 20°N and 20°S.
Question 9
Where does the low-pressure area develop in May?
Answer:
It extends from the Thar Desert in the northwest to Panta and Chhotanagar Plateau in the east-southeast.
Question 10
Name the two branches of the Monsoon.
Answer:
- The Arabian Sea branch
- The Bay of Bengal branch
Question 11
Which Part of India experiences the highest range of temperature in a day?
Answer:
The Thar Desert in India experiences the highest range of temperature in a day.
Question 12
Name the four months in which India receives the bulk of rainfall.
Answer:
June, July, August, and September.
Question 13
What are the 'retreating monsoons'?
Answer:
During October and November, the temperature in the Northern Plain begins to decrease, and because of low-temperature Pressure starts rising and the low pressure is no longer strong enough to attract the monsoon winds.
Question 14
Why does Tamil Nadu coast receive winter rainfall?
Answer:
It is because Tamil Nadu gets rain from Northeast monsoons which reach there after passing over the Bay of Bengal and Picking moisture from there.
Question 15
Where does the Malabar coast lie?
Answer:
The Western Ghats in Kerala.
Question 16
Name the two coldest areas in India.
Answer:
Dras and Kargil (Temperature - 40°C)
Question 17
Name a place in India receiving the highest rainfall?
Answer:
Mawsynram in Meghalaya
Question 18
What is a jet stream?
Answer:
A jet stream is a fast-blowing wind blowing in a narrow zone in the upper atmosphere.
Question 19
What is the importance of jet streams?
Answer:
The western disturbances which enter India from the west and north-west during the winter months are brought by jet streams.
Question 20
Name two states where mango showers are common.
Answer:
Kerala and Karnataka.
Question 21
Name two states on the eastern coast that are frequently struck by tropical cyclones.
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
Question 22
What is meant by breaking of monsoon?
Answer:
The rain-bearing monsoons are extremely strong and violent. Their approach is accompanied by thunder and lightning. This is known as the breaking of the monsoon.
Question 23
Name three states with an annual rainfall of less than 50cm.
Answer:
Punjab, Haryana, and Gujarat.
Question 24
Name two months associated with retreating monsoons.
Answer:
October and November.
Question 25
Name some regions for which tropical cyclones are very destructive.
Answer:
Deltas of Godawari, Krishna, and Kaveri.
Question 26
Name two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoons.
Answer:
Shillong and Kolkata.
Question 27
Name two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons.
Answer:
Mumbai and ThiruvananthaPuram.
Question 28
Name two hottest stations in the month of May.
Answer:
Nagpur and Jodhpur
Question 29
What is the name given to the climate of India?
Answer:
Monsoon climate.
Question 30
What is loo?
Answer:
It is a local wind that is hot and dry.
Question 31
Write main features of Monsoon rain in India.
Answer:
There are uncertain, and Provide climatic unity to the Indian Subcontinent.
Question 32
Name three months with low temperature.
Answer:
December, January, and February.
Question 33
What is a cold wave?
Answer:
The wave blows when the temperature falls below 5°C.
Question 34
What is the velocity of the winds which blow in the northern Part during cold weather?
Answer:
3 Km to 5 Km per hour.
Question 35
Name two factors that play an important role in the mechanism of the monsoon.
Answer:
1. Surface winds
2. Air currents
Question 36
What type of winds Prevail during the cold weather over the country?
Answer:
North-East trade winds.
Question 37
From where do western disturbances come into India?
Answer:
Mediterranean sea.
Question 38
The western disturbances cause very little rainfall but are very beneficial to a crop. Identify the crop.
Answer:
Wheat.
Question 39
Name two water bodies that augment the moisture content of western disturbances.
Answer:
The Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf.
Question 40
What kind of weather precedes western disturbances?
Answer:
Warm weather.
Question 41
Name the months associated with hot.
Answer:
March, April, and May.
Question 42
Name three states where dust storms are very common during May.
Answer:
Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and eastern Rajasthan.
Question 43
Name the months which are associated with advancing Monsoons.
Answer:
June, July, August, and September.
Question 44
What is the velocity of rain-bearing winds during the monsoon?
Answer:
30 Km per hour.
Question 45
Name the hill which deflects the Bay of Bengal branch of advancing monsoon to India.
Answer:
The Arakan Hills.
Question 46
Name the water body from which the cyclonic depressions originate.
Answer:
Andaman sea.
Question 47
Name two rainiest stations.
Answer:
Shillong and Mumbai in India.
Question 48
Name two driest stations.
Answer:
Leh and Jodhpur.
Question 49
Write any one effect of the jet stream.
Answer:
They play important role in the formation of cyclones and anticyclones.
Question 50
Name two hottest stations in the months of February, April, May, and June.
Answer:
(a) February: Thiruvananthapuram and chennai
(b) April: Nagpur and chennai
(c) May: Nagpur and Jodhpur
(d) June; Jodhpur and Delhi
Class 9 climate extra questions
Short answer type questions
Question 1
"India has diverse climatic conditions". Support this statement by giving examples each of temperature and precipitation.
Answer:
India has diverse climatic conditions. There are sharp variations in temperature and precipitation from place to place and season to season.
1. The mercury occasionally touches 55°C in the western deserts, it drops down to as low as-45°C in winter around Leh.
2. The annual precipitation is less than 10 cm in Northwest Himalayas and the western desert. Whereas it exceeds 400 cm in Meghalaya.
Question 2
Why do the south-westerly winds cause rain in India?
Answer:
1. During early June, the low-pressure conditions over the north-western plains get intensified.
2. This low pressure is powerful enough to attract the south-east trade winds which, on crossing the equator in the Indian Ocean, acquire south-westerly direction. As they pass over the equatorial warm current, they bring with them abundant moisture.
3. This moisture brings rainfall during June, July, August, and September.
Question 3
Which are the rainiest months of India? Give reason.
Answer:
The bulk of rainfall in India is confined to months from June to September. During these months, the rain-bearing winds called. the southwest monsoons blow northwards in two branches-Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. As these winds are of oceanic origin, they cause heavy rainfall.
Question 4
Why are the parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and the leeward side of the Western Ghats drought-prone?
Answer:
(i) Rajasthan does not receive much rain because the Aravali Range lies parallel to the direction of winds and hence condensation does not occur.
(ii) Gujarat receives less rainfall because there are no hills and mountain ranges.
(iii) The leeward side of the Western Ghats receives less rainfall because when air descends it gets warmed up. Due to its rising temperature, the relative humidity of air decreases, and the air turns from a saturated state to an unsaturated state. Due to this fact, no rainfall occurs on the leeward side.
Question 5
Name the four seasons of India.
Answer:
. 1. The cold weather season-December to February.
2. The hot weather season - March to May.
3. Advancing monsoon season - June to September.
4. Retreating monsoon season- October to November.
Question 6
'Chennai gets more rainfall in winter than in summer. Give two reasons.
Answer:
1. Tamil Nadu or 'Chennai' lies on the Eastern Ghats. In the month of July, southwest monsoons originate in the Arabian Sea, strike against the Western Ghats, and cause heavy rain (250 cm). When these monsoon winds leave the Western Ghats, they have very little moisture in them as they have covered a long distance. So Chennai gets less rainfall in summer.
2. But during the winter, there is high pressure on the Indian mainland while low over the Indian Ocean, as such winds from the mainland, begin to blow towards the sea. These are known as retreating monsoons.
When these dry winds cross over the Bay of Bengal, they pick up moisture and when they strike against the Eastern Ghats, they cause much rain on the east coast of India.
Question 7
Name and give the direction of winds w that cause snow and rainfall in the northern parts of India during the winter season.
Answer:
Western Disturbances cause rain in the northern parts during the winter season. These cyclones originate from the Mediterranean Sea. They travel eastwards across Iran and Pakistan and reach India during the winter season. On their way, the moisture content gets augmented from the Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf in the south and gives some rain to Punjab and Haryana.
Question 8
Name the months which are known for retreating monsoon. Write some main features of this climate.
Answer:
South-west monsoon begins to retreat from northern India by the second week of September and continues till October.
Main features of the climate:
High temperature, very gentle movement of the air, clouds disappear. The temperature of the day rises slightly but the nights become pleasant.
Question 9
What is "October Heat"?
Answer:
The months of October - November form a period of transition from a hot rainy season to dry winter conditions. The retreat of monsoons is marked by clear skies and a temperature rise. The land is still moist. Owing to the condition of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as 'October Heat'.
Question 10
What are Western Disturbances? Name two areas receiving rains from them. Write to anyone who benefits from these.
Answer:
During the winter season because of low temperature, pressure is sufficiently high in the north-western part of India. In southern India, there is low pressure. Light winds with a low velocity (5 km/h) begin to blow from northwest to southern part. The system of pressure and winds is disturbed as a result of the inflow of shallow cyclonic depressions from the west and the north-west which originate from the Mediterranean Sea.
These low-pressure depressions are called Western Disturbances.
(i) These cause rainfall in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
(ii) Western disturbances also cause snowfall in the Himalayas.
The rain is highly beneficial to the Rabi crop, especially wheat.
Question 11
The 'Western Disturbances' help the Himalayan rivers to flow during the summer. Explain it.
Answer:
The Western Disturbances cause light rains in the plains and heavy snowfall in the western Himalayas. It is this snow that sustains the flow of water in the Himalayan rivers during the summer months.
Question 12
What are jet streams? How do they help to cause rain in Punjab and western Himalayas during the winter?
Answer:
Jet streams are the fast blowing winds in a narrow zone in the upper atmosphere. It is because of jet streams that 'Western Disturbances' enter India and cause rain. These jet streams are active from December to January.
Question 13
''Loo' blows over northern and north-western India during the summer season. What is the cause of these 'Loos'?
Answer:
Because of the high temperature in this region, low-pressure conditions prevail which helps the 'Loo' to blow.
Question 14
Why do the pre-monsoon showers remain localized?
Answer:
The pre-monsoon showers remain localized as their further advance to the north checked by a high-pressure belt over the Deccan Plateau.
Question 15
What is the difference between cyclone and anti-cyclone?
Answer:
A cyclone has low pressure at its center. Its motion is counted clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anti-clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
Anti-cyclone has a high-pressure area at its center. Winds blow out from the center in all directions.
Question 16
Why does Mawsynram in Meghalaya receive the highest rainfall in the world?
Answer:
Mawsynram lies in the Khasi Hills in Meghalaya and gets heavy rainfall from the Bay of Bengal branch of the summer monsoon. Here the hills are funnel-shaped so the moisture-laden monsoons have to take a sudden rise which causes heavy rain (1221cm).
Question 17
Why are Thiruvananthapuram and Shillong rainier in June than in July?
Answer:
These two stations receive rainfall during June and July from the southwest monsoon and these are more intense in June than in July.
Question 18
Why is Cherrapunji rainier than Kolkata ?
Answer:
Cherrapunji (Meghalaya) lies in the Garo and Khasi Hills. These are funnel-shaped hills. When the moisture, laden monsoon winds enter into these hills, they have to take a sudden rise and cause very heavy rainfall, whereas Kolkata is situated in the plains and receives less rain.
Question 19
Why does Delhi receive more rain than Jodhpur?
OR
Why has the Jodhpur hot desert type of climate?
Answer:
Delhi, the capital of India, lies in the northern plain. It receives rainfall from both the southwest monsoons and the southeast monsoons. Delhi also receives 2 cm of rainfall. during the summer season because of local storms. Jodhpur receives less rainfall
1. The Aravali hills do not check the southwest monsoons because these move parallel to the Aravali hills.
2. Moreover, the temperature is also high, the monsoon winds that pass above the desert get dry and, as such, do not cause any rain.
Question 20
Leh has moderate precipitation almost throughout the year'. Give reason.
Answer:
Leh is at a very high altitude. During the cold-weather season, the Western Disturbances contribute to heavy snowfall in this region. Both Southwest and south-east monsoons also cause precipitation in this part.
It is also surrounded by mountain ranges; because of high altitude, rainfall occurs in the form of snow and it.
Class 9 climate extra questions
Long answer type questions
Question 1
Discuss the distribution of precipitation in the country and the consequences of its uneven distribution.
Answer:
- Areas of heavy rainfall: Annual rainfall of over 300 cm is received over parts of the western coast and north-eastern India.
- Areas of low rainfall: Annual rainfall of less than 50 cm is received in western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Deccan Plateau, and Leh in Kashmir.
- Areas of moderate rainfall: Annual rainfall between 100 cm to 200 cm is received by M.P, Orissa, West Bengal, Bihar, eastern U.P, northeastern Punjab, eastern parts of Tamil Nadu, and eastern slopes of Western Ghats.
Consequences of uneven precipitation
The annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year.
- If there are too many rains, they cause floods and havoc all around.
- If there are not sufficient rains, the people are affected because of drought and famine.
Question 2
Discuss the factors which influence the climate of India.
Answer:
- The Himalayan mountain chain: It protects the Indian subcontinent from cold winds of the
- Central Asia. It creates a barrier before the South-west monsoon.
- The large coastline: South India is a Peninsula and has a large coastline. The peninsular situation has helped it to enjoy the maritime climate.
- Relief: Variance in relief also has a direct bearing on climate. Though not so far away from the equator, Ooty, being a hill resort, experiences a cool and healthy climate.
- Western disturbances: Western disturbances originate near the Mediterranean sea. These cause rainfall in the northwest.
- Low-pressure region of central Asia and Tibet: During summer, a low-pressure region is formed over Middle East countries, central Asia, and Tibet. This induces a burst of monsoon in our country.
- Jet streams: The air currents blowing in the upper layer of the atmosphere are known as jet streams. These help the Western Disturbances to enter into India.
- Location and vast extent of the country: India is a vast country. It is located. between 8°4 N and 3706' N latitude and 687 E to 97 25 E longitude. India is divided into almost two equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer.
Question 3
Give a few examples of apparent climate contrasts in India to cover the following points-:
(a) Range a temperature
(b) Direction of rain of bearing winds
(e) precipitation
(d) Amount of rainfall
(e) Rainfall range.
Answer:
(a) Range of temperature: There are sharp variations in temperature from place to place. While in summer, the mercury occasionally touches 55°C in the western design it drops to - 45° C in winter in Leh. And this has a great bearing on the climate.
(b) Direction of the rain-bearing winds: Because of the direction of winds different parts of the country receive different rainfall. Southwest monsoons bring rainfall almost in the whole of northern India b Tamil Nadu receives very less rain. North-east monsoons cause heavy rainfall in Tamil Nadu in winter.
(e) Form of precipitation: Variations are noticeable not only in the type of precipitation but also in its amount. While the annual precipitation is less than 10 cm in the northwest Himalayas and the western deserts, it exceeds 400 cm in Meghalaya.
(d) Amount of rainfall: The amount of rainfall in different regions also varies drastically. Mawsynram receives rainfall of 1221 cm whereas Rajasthan only gets 20 cm of annual rainfall.
(e) Rainfall range in the seasonal distribution of rains: Some parts get rain only in winter (Tamil Nadu) and many parts get most of the rain in summer.
Question 4
Describe how the location and relief are important factors in determining the climate of India?
Answer:
- India is located between 8°4'N and 37°6'N latitude and 68°7' E to 97 25 E longitude. India is divided into almost two equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer.
- It is near the equator, so a tropical type of climate is found.
- Himalaya protects us from northern chilly winds.
- The location of the sea on the three sides of India has exerted moderating influence.
- The water bodies act as a storehouse of badly needed moisture.
- It is because of the difference in relief that the hilly areas have very low temperatures even during summer whereas plains like Punjab, Haryana, U.P. have a very high temperature.
- The mountains also force the moist winds blowing from the sea in the south to cause rain in the sub-continent.
Question 5
Discuss the main features of the hot weather season of India. Also, write its duration.
Answer:
The season starts in March and continues up to June. Main features:
1. Temperature starts rising by the middle of March and by mid-May Mercury touches 41° to 42°C.
2. There are variations in the temperature. In north-west it is around about 45°C but in the south, it is from 26° C to 30° C.
3. The southern parts do not experience extreme heat because of their proximity to the sea.
4. 'Loo', a hot local wind, blows over north and north-west India.
5. Towards the end of May, an elongated low-pressure area is developed. It is called the monsoon low-pressure trough.
6. The locally formed dust storms and thunderstorms bring variable amounts of rainfall to different parts of the country especially in Punjab, Haryana, etc.
7. Kerala and the Western Ghats also experience pre-monsoon showers. Locally o they are known as 'Mangoshowers'.
Question 6
What is a climatic divide? How do the Himalayas act as a climatic divide?
Answer:
Climatic Divide: It is a physical barrier or boundary which distinguishes the climate of one region from another...
- It protects the Indian subcontinent from the cold and chilly northern winds.
- It is because of these mountains that India enjoys a tropical climate.
- These mountains force the monsoon winds to shed their moisture in India causing a lot of rain in India.
- It is because of the Himalayas that the temperature differences are minimized between tropical and sub-tropical India.
Question 7
Describe the main features of advancing monsoon under the following heads:
(1) Duration
(2) Pressure conditions
(3) Prevailing winds
(4) Rainfall
Answer:
- The advancing monsoons prevail during June, July, August, and September.
- The low-pressure conditions prevail over the north-western plains. By early June the trade winds of the southern hemisphere are attracted towards this region.
- South-east trade winds prevail during this season. These are of oceanic origin. After crossing the equator these follow a south-westerly direction. This is why they are known as southwest monsoons.
- Most of the rainfall is received through advancing monsoon. The windward side of the Western Ghats receives rainfall of over 250 cm. The rainfall in the Northern Plains decreases westward. During this season Kolkata receives about 120 cm, Patna 102 cm, Allahabad 91 cm, and Delhi 56 cm.
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FAQ (frequently asked questions)
Question
What are thunderstorms called in West Bengal?
Answer:
Thunderstorms are called "Baisakhi" in West Bengal.
Question
The climate of India is strongly influenced by
Answer:
The climate of India is strongly influenced by Monsoon winds.
Question
An apartment force caused by the earth's rotation is called
Answer:
An apartment force caused by the earth's rotation is called Coriolis force.
Question
In which hills Mawsynram is located?
Answer:
Mawsynram is located in Khasi hills.
Question
What is the full form of ITCZ?
Answer:
The inter-Tropical convergence zone is the full form of ITCZ.
Question
What is climate Class 9 short answer?
Answer:
Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions on variations over a large area for a long period of time.
Question
Which is the rainiest month in India Class 9?
Answer:
July and August are the rainiest months in India.
Question
How does the relief of an area affect the climate of a place Class 9?
Answer:
The temperature decreases as we move from the equator to the poles. Altitude: As we move from the surface of the earth to the higher altitudes, the temperature decreases. ... Thus, it influences the temperature accordingly. Distance from the sea: Coastal regions are cooler as compared to interior regions.
Question
Where is an equable type of climate found?
Answer:
Equable type of Climate mainly found near the sea and coastal areas.
Question
How do the pressure and winds affect the climate of an area Class 9?
Answer:
The Earth's average pressure patterns and resulting winds influence climate patterns by advecting temperature and moisture. causing areas of surface convergence and divergence.
Question
Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
Answer:
Our country India has a monsoon type of climate because the Indian climate is influenced by the winds which are called monsoon winds. ... When these winds blow over the warm oceans, they pick up moisture from these oceans and pick up moisture them and this results in rainfall in India.
Question
How does latitude affect India's climate?
Answer:
The latitudes near the equator receive sun heat more quickly than latitudes far from the equator. So the latitudes near the equator experience hot temperature and latitudes far from the equator (poles) experience cool temperature.
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